ANALYZE CHARACTER, SETTING ETC

1. Plot
Story has a certain arrangement of events which are taken to have a relation to one another. This arrangement of events to some end-for instance to create significance, raise the level of generality, extend or complicate the meaning – is known as plot.
2. Character
Characters in a work of story are generally designed to open up or explore certain aspects of human experience. Characters often depict particular traits – of human nature; they may represent only one or two traits – a greedy old man who has forgotten how to care about others, for instance, or they may represent very complex conflicts, values and emotions.
3. Setting
Stories requires a setting; this is in poetry may vary from the concrete to the general often setting will have particular culturally coded significance- a sea-horse has a significance for us different from that of a dirty street corner, for instance, and different situations and significances can be constructed through its use.
4. Theme
Theme is also important to, theme is especial idea which is used as base in writing down story mostly letter than implicit.
5. Point of view
Point of view interpreted as a position of author to events in story. There is point of view of first person singular and there is third person singular point of view.
6. Language style
Language style is the way to typically in laying open feeling or mind through language in the form of oral or article.

ADVERTISEMENT

Advertisement is an information for persuading and motivating people so that they will attract to the service and the things that are offered of informed.
Functions of advertisement:

 Promotion
 Communication
 Information

In making advertisement, keep the following points:

1. Language of advertisement
 Using the correct or suitable words.
 Using the interesting and suggestive expressions.
 Text of advertisement
2. Content of advertisement
 Objective and honest
 Brief and clear
 Not allude group or other producer
Kinds of advertisement:

1) Family
2) Invitation
3) Sponsored
4) Requested
5) News
6) Announcement
7) Goods
8) Merit

Media of advertisement:

 Television
 Radio
 Billboard
 Leaflet
 Pamphlet, etc.

EXAMPLE OF ADVERTISEMENT:
Boogey Pet Shop
Jl. Sultan Agung, Jakarta
Get your pet number 1 food there we also provide:
• Cat food
• Bird food
• Fish food
Need Persians, Siameese, Dalmatians, Labradors, Louhans, and Pigeon?
Come to our shop and take them home.
Reasonable price, open daily 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

LISTENING : MAKE ME A COPY, PLEASE

Description:
Often time student are not able to communicating clearly what they would like to say.
It is purpose of this lesson to help student understand to need to be articulate and precise when explain steps to another student. In addition the student listening will learn to be a more affective listener.
Goal: Students will understand to need to be articulate when communicating
Objectives:
1. the student will use descriptive eplications to guide another student in completing the task.
2. The student will explain the importance of being articulate and the frustration when directions are unclear.
Background Information:
• This activity will teach student to explain what they see and guide another student in reproducing the drawing by what they are told
Concepts: Student will able to:
1. Explain and articulate the steps to reproducing a drawing
2. Follow directions as closely as possible
3. Communicate with follow students to accomplish the given task

PERFECT TENSE : PPT

Present perfect tense is used for describing a past action’s effect an the present.
 Pattern I : S + have/has + been + Complement
 Pattern II : S + have/has + V3 + O/adv
Past perfect tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the post and completed or finished fill certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to express an action or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened.
 Pattern : S + had + V3 + Complement
Present future perfect tense is used to assert an action or an event that will happened or will finished at the definite time at the future.
 Pattern I : S (except I) + will/shall + have + been + complement
 Pattern II : S + will/shall + have + V3 + O/adv
Past future perfect tense is used to assert an action or an event that will happened before or at the other event happened at the past future.
 Pattern I : S + would/should + have + been + Complement
 Pattern II : S+ would/should + have + V3 + O/adv
Time signal:

• Already
• As get
• So far
• Ever
• Many times
• Once several times
• twice

VOCABS: SHAPES, PARTS OF BODY

Shapes is all the geometrical information that remains when location, scale and rotational effects are filtered out from an object.
EXAMPLES OF SHAPES:

Simple Straight sided shapes

Rectangle


Square


Triangle

Simple Rounded shapes

Circle


Oval

3D shapes

Cone


Cube


Cylinder


Pyramid


Sphere


Mathematical shapes


Parallelogram


Pentagon - 5 sides

Octagon - 8 sides

Miscellaneous shapes

Diamond


Heart

EXAMPLES OF PARTS OF BODY:




Close up on the foot Close up on the hand

GREETINGS

Greeting is the expression which is used to address someone or other people.
Here are some expressions you can use to greet other people.

 Hello
 Hi
 Good morning, Sir/Madam.
 Morning
 How are you?
 How’s life?
 How are things?
 Hi, Bimo! Long time no see.

Here are some expressions you can use to introduce yourself.
 Let me introduce myself. I’m………….
 Hi, my name’s…………
 Hello. I’m Gladys. How do you do?
 Good morning, Sir. I’m Indri, your new secretary.
Here are some expressions to introduce other people.
 I’d like you to meet my friend, Wilda.
 Excuse me, let me introduce you my brother. His name is Fabian.
Here are some other expressions of leave taking.

 Good night, Dad/Mom.
 See you tomorrow.
 Good bye.
 Bye-bye.
 Bye.
 See you later.
 I’m sorry. I must go now.
 See you around.
 Have a nice trip.

PRESENT TENSE

Present tense is used to express fact that are always true, or things we often do.
Formula:

(+)S + TO BE + O
S + VERB (+S/+ES) + O
(-) S + TO BE + NOT + O
S + DO/DOES + NOT + VERB + O
(?) TO BE + S + O + ?
DO/DOES + S + VERB + O + ?

Time signal:

• Always
• Everyday
• Sometimes
• Often
• Usually
• very

PAST TENSE

is known. Furthermore, simple past is used for retelling successive events. That is why it is commonly used in storytelling.
Past tense is used to talk about things that happened in the past.
Formula:

• Patern A : S + TO BE (WAS/WERE) + O
(+) S + WAS/WERE + O
(-) S + WAS/WERE + NOT + O
(?)WAS/WERE + S + O +?

• Patern B : S + VERB II + O
(+) S + VERB II + O
(-) S + DID + NOT + VERB I + O
(?) DID + S + VERB I + O + ?

Time signal:

• Yesterday
• Yesterday morning
• Last Monday
• Last night
• Last month
• An hour ago
• In 1978
• The other day
• Every day last year
• Last year

PROCEDURE TEXT

Procedure text is to give someone instructions about something is achieved through a sequence of steps.
Structure of the text:
• Goal : the final purpose of doing the instructions.
• Materials : ingredients, utensils, equipment, to do the instructions.
• Steps : a set of instructions to achieve the final pupose.
Language features:
 Use of simple present often imperative sentences.
 Use of temporal conjunction.
 Action verbs.
EXAMPLE OF PROCEDURE TEXT:
A Photo Fish Fun Frame
You’ll need:
A Styrofoam tray, coloured tissue paper, any photograph, glue stick, and varnish.
Steps:
1. Draw the fish on the tray and cut it out. The fish should be a little smaller than the photograph you want to frame.
2. Cut different-coloured tissue paper into little pieces.
3. Use a glue stick. Glue the pieces of tissue paper to the tray so that they overlap a little.
4. Cover the fish cut out, which will serve as the frame’s stand.
5. After you have covered the frame and the fish, varnish both.
6. Let the pieces dry, then glue the fish cut out to the back and use it to hold up the frame.
7. Attach the photo to the back of the frame with sellotape. Pretty fish, isn’t it?

NARRATIVE TEXT

Narrative text is a text that is used for the purpose of entertaining or amusing, creating, stimulating emotions, motivating, guiding and teaching the readers or listeners and it usually deals with actual or vicious experience. Narrative text such as: Fable, Legend, folk tales, Fairy tale.
The generic structure of narrative text:
1. Orientation : it sets the scene and introduces the participants (it answer the questions = who, when, what, where).
2. Evolution : a stepping back to evaluate the plight (the information about the narator’s point of view); it is optional.
3. Complication : a crisis or a problem a rises. It usually invalves the main characters.
4. Resolution : a solution to the problem (for better or worse). Main characters find ways to solve the problem.
Some important points in the story of narrative text are:
 It uses temporal conjunction: ex. Once upon a time. Before, after, etc.
 It uses simple past tense: ex. There lived a …., one day there was…. Etc.
EXAMPLE OF NARRATIVE TEXT:
The Man Who Wanted to Live Forever
There was once a man who wanted to live forever. He lived in fear of dying. One day he was walking along and saw a Chinese dragon.
“Oh, dragon,” he said. “I live in fear of dying, I hear that you live forever. I wish I was you.”
Then, the dragon spoke, “Kind man, you shall not like living forever. I will show what it feels like.”
The dragon carried him to an island where nobody died. The man lived there and was amazed at how the people would buy poison. Then after a while understood, the people did not enjoy living forever.
He called the dragon. “Take me back,” he commanded.
The dragon said, “ I see you have learned your lesson.”
And now in China when people see dragons they say, “we are happy as we are, oh, Dragon.”

RECOUNT TEXT

Recount text is a text is used to retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining.
The generic structure of recount text are:
1. Orientation (it gives the readers the background information needed to understand the text)
2. Events (a series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence)
3. Re-orientation (restates the writer’s opinion or personal comment of the writer on the incident)
The significant languages features:
 Use of simple past tense.
 Use of temporal conjunctions (when, after, before, next, later, then).
 Use of personal pronoun (I, we)
EXAMPLE OF RECOUNT TEXT:
My Basketball Experience
When I was in Junior High School, I really loved basketball. Every Saturday afternoon, I practiced in school field with my team and my coach. They were strong and smart players. My coach, Mr. Sentana was a kind person. But, while he was very discipline. He would grounded anyone who came late and not obeyed the team’s rules.
With Mr. Sentana, our team won many tournaments in many big cities. Our team named after our school, 67 Team (from SMP 67) and we had many fans too. Now I still love basketball and we have a team too. But, my parents warn me to pay attention more to my study, basketball just for hobby.

ANNOUNCEMENT

Announcement is something said, written, or printed to make know that has happened or (more often) what will happen.
In writing an announcement, keep the following pants the title/type or event, date/time, and contact person.
We can find the announcement in television, radio, newspaper, wall magazine in school, etc.
Characteristic of announcement:
 Use simple present tense or simple future tense often enticement.
An announcement usually starts with an expression to get people’s attention, such as “Attention, please”. It is usually ended with an expressing of thanking.
EXAMPLES OF ANNOUNCEMENT:
 ANNOUNCEMENT
This Thursday, 17th of August 2009 is the Independence Day.
Don’t miss the Independence Day festival! The festival begins at 08.00 in every district in Palangkaraya City. Gather in front our school at 07.30 to see the parade with the principal. Don’t miss it! And join many contests at school. Free registration, full of prizes!

GIVING INSTRUCTION

Giving instruction is an expression that is used in order that other person does what we instruct or request.
The difference between requests and instructions
Instruction (also called imperatives)
Instruction require the person receiving them to do something, or to stop doing it. Instruction are directly addressed to the person who has to do them. Therefore, instructions are one of the few types of English sentences that do not need a subject. The subject is usually “you” (understood). If there is any doubt who should do the instruction, the “naming” form-the vocative is used.
Requests
Requests are often questions, though indirect request may not be. Sometimes an instruction is changed into a request by addition of “please” or question tag. To make a request more polite we might use the subjunctive form of the verb. Very often English requests are indirect. Instead of asking someone to do something, the speaker asks if the person is able to do it. Therefore modals of ability (“can”, “may” etc) are very often used.
You show your affection or give attention to somebody when he/she wears a nice thing, looks sad, etc. you also use certain expressions like “Really?”, “Are you?”, etc. to show that you are listening to what someone says.
Here are some other expressions of giving instruction:

 Open your book!
 Close the door, please!
 Be quiet, please!
 Move the chair!
 Open the window!
 Pass me the sugar, please!
 Stand up, please!


Note: the tense used in giving instruction is “simple present”

SYMPATHY EXPRESSION

Sympathy expression is an expression or feeling of pity and sorrow when we know and see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition.
How can we give sympathy expression to someone?
We express it directly t him/her orally or we can use a letter or card by post also by short message service (SMS), email, television, radio, and newspaper if he/she who got the trouble is far from us.
Here are some other expressions of sympathy expression.

 I’m sorry for what’s happened.
 Oh, you, poor little thing.
 Look! This is not the end of the world.
 (oh dear) I am sorry (to hear that).
 That’s a pity/ shame.
 You must be very upset.
 Oh, no!
 I know how it feels.

GAINING ATTENTION

Gaining attention is a way or expressions that is spoken that other people will pay their attention to what we want to.
Usually gaining attention use in order our friends that speak with we, attention to us. Gaining attention usually use simple present tense.

 Attention, please!
 May I have your attention, please!
 Excuse me, look here!
 Listen to me, please!
 Waiter?
 I’m sorry, but…
 Wow, really?
 It’s amazing
 Is (he/she)?
 Oh poor creature
 What a poor girl she is!
 Why not?
 What about her step-mother
 How lucky he is
 Well, go on
 What happened then

HAPPINESS EXPRESSION

Happiness expression is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are glad have excited feelings.
EXPRESS HAPPINESS
 I’m happy
 I’m (very) pleased/(really) delighted
 I’m so glad to hear that
 Great!
 Terrific!
 Fantastic!
 Exciting!
 Super!
EXPRESSING HAPPINESS: FORMAL
 Oh, I’m so happy
 I can’t say how pleased I’m
 It’s a sensational trip
 It’s an outstanding adventure
 It’s an interesting experience
 I’m really happy
 I’m happy to hear that
 It gives me great pleasure

APPOINMENT

Appointment is tells about agreement for meeting. It is good to make an appointment before you meet someone or people.
MAKING APPOINTMENT
 Wiil you do go out with me tonight?
 What if we go swimming this afternoon?
 I want to make an appointment to see…. (Dr. Jones)
 I’d like to make an appointment to see… (Dr. Jones)
 Can I come and see you?
ACCEPTING APPOINTMENT
 No problem.
 It’s a deal.
 I’ll be there.
 O.K.
 What about….(Thursday)
DECLINING APPOINTMENT
 Sorry, I can’t.
 I’m sorry, I have another appointment.

INVITATION

Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something.
Here are some expressions you can use to invite someone and accept invitation.
INVITING SOMEONE
 I would like to invite you to come to my house
 If you are not busy, please try to come to my office
 Will you come to my party on Saturday night?
 Shall we see the film?
ACCEPTING AN INVITATION
 Great! Let’s do it.
 Thank you. I’d like too.
 That’s a good idea.
 That would be very nice.
DECLINING AN INVITATION
 I’m really sorry about that.
 Sorry, I can’t. I have to do something
 I’d love to. But I can’t